System of distribution.



Patented Dec.5,1911.

2 8HEETSSHEET 1.

G. B. SGHLEY.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED Fame, 1908.

Patented Dec. 5, 1911.

2 annnfs-snnntr 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE B. SCI-ILEY, OF NORWOOD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR T0 ALLIS-CI-IALIVIERSCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 5, 1911.

Application filed February 6, 1908. Serial No. 414,551.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnonen B. SOHLEY, citizen of the United States,residing at Norwood, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and usefulv Improvements in Systems ofDistribution, of which the followin is a full, clear, andexactspecification.

My invention relates to multiple voltage systems of distribution havingany number of feeder conductors and circuits, and is a modification ofthe arrangement shown in the patent to David Hall, No. 883,195, grant edMarch 31, 1908.

In multiple voltage systems it is customary to employ a balancer, as itis commonly called in the art, consisting of two or more dynamo-electricmachines mechanically connected together and each electrically connectedacross one pair of conductors of the system. As is well known, when thecurrents in the different branches of the system are equal or balanced,said dynamo-electric machines run as motors withoutload and with slightlosses. When said currents become unequal, current flows through one ormore compensating conductors, and one or more of said machines aredriven as gener ators to supply current to the branch or branches havingthe heavier current or currents in order to maintain the voltages atsubstantially their proper values.

On account of the inherent regulating qualities of compound-woundmachines, it is desirable to employ compound-wound dynamo-electricmachines in the balancer set, in order that upon unbalancing of thecurrents the generator or generators of the balancer set may supplycurrent at increased voltage as such unbalancing increases. Since thecurrent through the armature and series field windings of any machine ofthe balancer is in opposite directions when said machine is acting asgenerator and as motor, and since the series and shunt fields of themachine must be cumulative when it acts as generator, it follows thatthe fields are differential when it acts as motor. In other words, themachines acting as generators iave cumulative fields and as motors haveditl'erential fields. The degree of compounding action depends on thevalue of the current in the compensating conductor or conductors. But asa motor having differentially wound fields may race or run away oncurrent overload, it becomes desirable or even absolutely necessary thatthe series field windings of the machines of a compoundwound balancerset be cut out when such. machines are acting respectively as motors, asotherwise an excessive unbalancing would cause the balancer to run away,thus unduly raising the voltage on the branch or branches carrying thegreater currents. An admirable arrangement for doing this is shown inthe aforesaid patent to Hall.

It is the object of my present invention so to modify and improve theHall arrangement that, in the first place, the system is more widelyapplicable to multiple voltage systems having more than three wires and,in the second place, no moving parts in the controlling arrangement arenecessary. This object is completely attained by placing a shunt orshunts around the series field windings and so arranging asymmetriccells that current will. flow through the series field winding of anymachine only when such machine is acting as a generator. This canreadily be done, because the direction of current in the motor armatureand series field winding reverses as the machine changes from motor togenerator or vice versa. The first feature of the object, however, maybe accomplished by providing a plurality of polarized relays with thecoil in which the current may reverse connected in series with thearmature of that machine which it controls and bet-ween the same pair ofconduc tors.

The various novel features of my inven tion will appear from thedescription and drawings and will be particularly pointed out in theclaims.

Figure 1 shows diagrammatically an arrangement of my invention which isparticularly applicable to three wire systems; Fig. Qshowsdiagrammatically an arrangement which is applicable to multiple voltagesystems having any number of branches; and Fig. 3 shows the arrangementwith the polarized relays.

In all of the figures the source of current 10, here shown as a singlegenerator though any desired number of generators may be used, suppliesthe main conductors or legs 11 and 12 of a multiple voltage distributingcircuit. The generator or generators 10 are excited by field windings13, which may be connected in any desired manner, series, shunt,compound, or to a separate source. A balancer, consisting of a pluralityof compound-wound dynamo-electric machines mechanically connectedtogether, has its armatures and series field windings connected inseries across the mains 11 and 12. At a point between each two machinesof the balancer is connected at neutral or compensating conductor, therebeing one such conductor, 1a, in Fig. 1 and three such conductors, 15,16, and 17, in Figs. 2 and 3. The shunt field windings 18 01'' thebalancer may be con- 1 trolled in any desired manner, two methods beingshown by way of example. In Fig. l a resistance 19 is connected betweenthe two shunt field windings, and an arm 20 is connected to thecompensating conductor 14: and is movable over a series of buttonsconnected to different points of the resistance 19. This method allowsthe relative strengths of the field windings to be varied. In Figs. 2and 3 a rheostat 21 is in series with all of the shunt field windings l8and 'aries their strengths correspondingly. Any other method ofregulating the shunt field windings of the balancer may be used.

In Fig. 1 the balancer comprises but two dynamo-electric machines, thetwo armatures A and B being connected directly to the mains l1 and 12respectively, while the series field windings a and Z) are connectedbetween the two armatures and at their ends remote from the armaturesare also connected to the neutral conductor 14:. However, between theseseries field windings respectively and the neutral conductor are twoasymmetric cells 25 and 20, which allow current to pass, say, in theupward direction only. A shunt 2T joins the two armature terminalsremote from the main conductors, and thus shunts the series fieldwindings a and Z).

In the operation of the system of Fig. I suppose that the current takenby the upper branch of the system is heavier than that taken by thelower branch, as indicated. In order to maintain the proper voltagesbetween the neutral conductor and the outside conductors it is thereforenecessary that the armature B run as motor to drive the armature A asgenerator. Assuming the upper side of the generator 10 to be thepositive side, part of the excess or unbalanced current demanded by theupper branch of the system will flow from such generator through themain conductor 11, the lights or other load L to the neutral conductor 1L, upward through the asymmetric cell 25 and series field winding a,through the shunt 27 and armature B to the main conductor 12 and thegenerator 10. This current through the armature B will drive it asmotor, but because the asymmetric cell 26 prevents downward fiow ofcurrent through it the series field winding Z) is cut out and the motorB acts as a shunt motor. In addition to the circuit above described, thearmature A supplies a current which flows upward to the main conductor11, through the load L to the neutral conductor Ii, and upward throughthe asymmetric cell 25 and the series field winding a to the armature A.This latter current is the other part of such excess or unbalancedcurrent. Thus the series winding a carries the full current of theneutral conductor, which is the sum of the currents in the two armaturesA and B and the difference between the currents in the two branches ofthe system, and the machine A will run as a compound-wound generator.\Vith the series field b cut out there is no danger that the balancerwill run away.

It the current taken by the lower side of the system is heavier thanthat taken by the upper side of the system, the machine A will run asmotor while the machine B runs as generator, and the asymmetric cellwill prevent current from passing through the series field winding a,thus making the machine A a shunt wound motor, while the asymmetric cell26 allows current to pass through the series field 6, thus making themachine B a compound-wound generator. In this case the current for botharmatures A and B passes through the field winding Z In Fig. 2 thebalancer consists of tour machines, having armatures C, I), E, and F andseries field windings 0, (Z, c, and j respectively, and shunt fieldwindings 18. In each machine of the balancer the series field windingand the armature are connected in series between two of the conductorsof the system, as armature C and field winding 0 between the conductors11 and 15. Each series field coil is connected in series with anasymmetric cell 30, while it is shunted by a conductor containinganother asymmetric cell 31, the two asymmetric cells being oppositelyconnected. Thus, for instance, the cells 30 in series with the variousseries field windings will allow upward flow of current only, while thecells 31 in shunt to these field windings will allow downward flow ofcurrent only.

In the operation of the arrangement in Fig. 2, each series field coilcarries only the current taken by its associated armature when thelatter is acting as generator, but carries no current, or substantiallyno current, when such armature is acting as motor. On account of theelectrical and mechanical connections each machine will act as generatoror motor accordingly as the current in the branch across which it isconnected is higher or lower than the average current in all thebranches. Thus with the load as indicated the machine C willautomatically act as generator.

Assuming as before that the upper side of the generator 10 is positive,the machine C will generate current which will fiow upward through itsseries field winding 0, the asymmetric cell 30, conductor 11, the lightsor other load L between the conductors 11 and 15, and through the latterconductor to the armature G. The machine C therefore acts as acompound-wound generator, the asymmetric cell 31 preventing its seriesfield winding 0 from being shortcircuited. However, the current taken bythe branch of the system between conductors 15 and 16 is comparativelylight, and therefore the machine D will act as a motor, taking part ofthe current which goes through the lights L in the uppermost branch ofthe system. This current starts from the source 10, goes through thelights L to the conductor 15, through the asymmetric cell 31 and thearmature D to the conductor 16, and on down through the other machinesand lights to the lower main conductor 12 and the source 10. Theasymmetric cell 30 will prevent any flow of current in the series fieldwinding d. The machine D thus acts as a shunt motor. Similarly eachmachine of the balancer will act as motor or generator as the conditionsrequire, being in efi'ect shunt wound when motor and compound wound whengenerator.

In Fig. 3, as in Fig. 2, the balancer consists of the four machines C,D, E, and F, with the armature and series field winding of each machineof the balancer connected in series between two of the conductors of thesystem. A polarized relay is provided for each machine of the balancer,and this relay has a polarizing coil 40 connected in any desired manner,and a coil 41, which is responsive to reversals of current, connected inseries with the armature and series field winding of that machine andbetween the two conductors of the system across which that machine isconnected. This polarized relay is arranged when in one position eitherto shunt the series field winding of its associated machine directly, asby means of the switch as, shown for each of the upper three branches ofthe system, or by means of the switch 42 to close the circuit of theactuating coil 43 of an electromagnetically operated switch 44rin shuntto such series field winding, as shown for the lowest branch of thesystem.

When any of the machines of the balancer is acting as motor, therelative direction of current in the two coils of the relay is such thatthe relay will shunt or cause to be shunted the series field winding ofthat machine, as shown in the first and third branches of the systemcounting from the top. When any of the machines of the balancer isacting as generator the relative direction of current in the two coilsof the relay is such that the relay will break or cause to be broken theshunt around the series field winding, as shown in the second and fourthbranches of the system counting from the top.

My invention as arranged in Figs. 2 and 3 is applicable to any multiplevoltage system, regardless of the number of branches of the system; andas arranged in any of the figures is applicable whether the voltages onthe various branches are all equal or unequal. Thus, for instance, inFig. 1 the voltage on the two branches of the system may be 110 volts oneach branch as in a standard lighting system, or 90 and 160 volts respectively as in one form of commercial multiple voltage power system.The asymmetric cells used may be of any desired or suitable character.

Many modifications may be made in the precise arrangements here shownand described without departing from the spirit and scope of myinvention, and all such I aim to cover in the following claims.

\Vhat I claim as new is 1. In a multiple voltage system of distribution,two main conductors, neutral or compensating conductor, a balancerincluding a plurality of compoundwound dynamoelectric machines connectedto said conductors, and asymmetric conductors for automatically cuttingout of service one of the field windings of one of said machines whenthe ratio of the loads between the different conductors departs fromnormal.

2. In a multiple-voltage system of distribution, more than two feederconductors, a balancer consisting of a plurality of compound wounddynamo electric machines mechanically connected together andelectrically connected to the conductors of the system, and asymmetricconductors for rendering inoperative the series field of that machinewhich drives another as a generator when the currents become unbalanced.

3. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, more than two feederconductors, a plurality of compound-wound dynamo-electric machinesconnected to said conductors and adapted to act as motors or generatorsto supply current to the branch or branches of the system which carrythe heaviest cur rents to maintain the voltages at the proper values,and asymmetric conductors for shunting the series field of any of saidmachines when such machine is acting as motor.

4. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, a plurality ofconductors, a balancer consisting of a plurality of compound-wounddynamo-electric machines connected to said conductors, and asymmetricconductors for cutting out one of the field windings of one of saiddynamo-electric machines when the currents in the difierent branches ofthe system are unbalanced.

5. In a multiple voltage system of distri bution, a plurality ofconductors, a balancer consisting of a plurality of compound-wounddynamo-electric machines connected to the conductors of the system, andasymmetric conductors connected to the series field windings of saidmachines for preventing flow of current through said fields save whensaid machines are acting as generators.

6. In a multiple voltage system of distri bution, more than twoconductors, a balancer consisting of a plurality of compoundwounddynamo-electric machines connected to said conductors, and asymmetricconductors connected and arranged to cut out of service the series fieldwinding of any one of said machines when such machine is acting asmotor.

7. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, two main conductors,aneutral conductor, a balancer set including two dynamoelectric machinesconnected to said three conductors, series and shunt field windings forsaid machines, and asymmetric conductors arranged to cut out the variousseries field windings save when the respective machines with which theyare connected are acting as generators.

S. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, a plurality of feederconductors including two main conductors and a compensating or neutralconductor, a balancer including two dynamo-electric machines connectedto said conductors for supplying the balancing current, shunt and seriesfield windings for each of said machines, the field windings of eachmachine being arranged to assist when such machine is acting asgenerator, and asymmetric conductors for preventing reversal of currentin any of said series field windings.

9. In a multiple voltage system of dis tribution, a plurality ofconductors, a balancer comprising a plurality of compoundwounddynamo-electric machines connected to said conductors for supplying thebalancing current, means for shunting the series field windings of saidmachines, and asymmetric conductors for rendering said shunting meanseffective only when the machines are respectively acting as motors.

10. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, more than twoconductors, a balancer comprising a plurality of compoundwounddynamo-electric machines connected between different pairs of saidconductors to supply the balancing current, and an asymmetric eonductorin series with the series field winding of each machine for preventingcurrent flow in said field winding save when that machine is acting asgenerator.

11. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, more than two feederconductors, a balancer comprising a plurality of compound wound dynamoelectric machines connected to said conductors, means for shunting theseries field winding of said machines, and an asymmetric conductorassociated with each machine for causing said shunting means to shuntthe series field winding of that machine only when the latter is actingas motor.

12. In combination, a plurality of dynamo-electric machines mechanicallyconnected to drive each other and to run individually as either motorsor generators, a field winding for each of said machines, and anasymmetric conductor associated with said field winding for preventing aflow of current therethrough save when that machine is running asgenerator.

13. In combination, a plurality of dyname-electric machines mechanicallyconnected to drive each other and arranged to run individually either asmotors or generators, a plurality of field windings for each of saidmachines, and an asymmetric conductor arranged to cause the shunting ofone of the field windings of each machine when that machine is runningas motor.

14. In combination, a plurality of dynamo-electric machines connected todrive each other and arranged to run individually as either generatorsor motors, shunt and series field windings for each of said machines,and an asymmetric conductor arranged to cause the shunting of the seriesfield winding of each machine when such machine is running as motor.

15. In combination, a plurality of dynamo-electric machines mechanicallyconnected to drive each other and arranged to run individually as eithergenerators or motors, shunt and series field windings for each of saidmachines, and an asymmetric conductor in series with each of said seriesfield windings for preventing flow of current therethrough save when theassociated machine is running as generator.

16. In combination, a plurality of dynamo-electric machines mechanicallyconnected to drive each other and arranged to run individually as eithergenerators or motors, shunt and series field windings for each of saidmachines, and a plurality of asyn'imetric conductors associated with theseries field winding of one of said machines for preventing flow ofcurrent through such winding save when that machine is operating asgenerator.

17. In combination, a plurality of dyname-electric machines mechanicallyconnected to drive each other and arranged to run individually as eithergenerators or motors, shunt and series field windings for each of saidmachines, and an asymmetric conductor associated with the series fieldwinding of each of said machines for preventing tlow of current throughsuch winding save when current is flowing through the ari'nature of thesame machlne in a predete mined direction.

18. In coinbination, a plurality of'dynaimi:- lectric machinesmechanically connected to drive each other and arraiilged to runindividually as either generators or motors, shunt and series fieldwindings for each of said machines, and an asymmetric conductorassociated with each of said series field windings for allowing flow ofcurrent therethrough in one direction only.

19. In combination, a plurality of dynamo-electric machines mechanicallyconnected to drive each other and each arranged to operate as eithergenerator or motor, a plurality of field windings for each of saidmachines, and asymmetric conductors for preventing flow of current inone of the field windings of each machine save in a predetermineddirection.

20. In combination, a direct current dynamo -electric machine thearmature off which is subject to reversals of current fiow, said machinehaving shunt and series field windings, and a shunt around the seriesfield winding and an asymmetric conductor in series with the seriesfield winding for preventing flow of current therethrough save in thepredetermined direction.

21. In combination, a direct current dynai'no-electric machine thearmature of which is subject to reversals of current flow, said machinehaving shunt and series field windings, and a shunt around the seriesfield. winding and an asymmetric conductor in series with the seriesfield winding for preventing flow of current therethrough save in thepredetermined direction while allowing flow of current through thearmature in either direction.

22. In combination, a direct current dynamo-electric machine thearmature of which is subject to reversals of current flow, said machinehaving shunt and series field windings, and means for shunting saidseries field winding, said means including an asymmetric conductorcooperatively connected with said shunting means and serving to renderthe latter operative only for current in one direction.

2. In combination, a direct current dynamo-electric machine the armatureof which is subject to reversals of current flow, said machine havinshunt and series field windings, and two asymmetric conductors in seriesand. shunt respectively to said series winding, said two asymmetricconductors being oppositely connected.

24;. In combination, a direct current dynamo-electric machine thearmature of which is subject to reversals of current flow, said machinehaving a plurality of field windings, and an asymmetric conductorconnected in shunt to one of said field windings and operative to divertcurrent from said field winding upon a difierence'fin potential at itsterminals in one direction only.

25. In combination, a direct current dynamo-electric machine thearmature of which is subject to reversals of current flow, said machinehaving a field winding, and oppositely connected asymmetric conductorsin shunt and series respectively with said field winding.

26. In combination, a direct current dynamo-electric machine thearmature of which is subject to reversals of current flow, said machinehaving a field winding, a shunt around said field winding, and anasymmetric conductor located in said shunt and allowing How of currenttherein in one direction only.

27. In combination, a direct current up namo-electric machine thearmature of which is subject to reversals of current'fiow, said. machinehaving shunt and series field windings, a shunt around said series fieldwinding, and an asymmetric conductor located in said shunt and allowingflow of current therein in one direction only.

28. In combination, a direct current dyname-electric machine thearmature of which is subject to reversals of current flow, said machinehaving a field winding, a shunt around said field winding, and anasymmetric conductor in series with said field winding and allowing flowof current therein in one direction only.

29. In combination, a direct current dynamo-electric machine thearmature of which is subject to reversals of current flow, said machinehaving shunt and series field windings, a shunt around said series fieldwinding, and an asymmetric conductor in series with said series fieldwinding and allowing flow of current therein in one direction only. 1

30. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, more than threeconductors, a balancer including more than two compound wound dynamoelectric machines connected to said conductors, and means forautomatically cutting out of service one of the field windings of one ofsaid machines pound wound dynamo electric machines 7 connected to saidconductors, and automatic means for cutting out one of the fieldwlndings of one of said dynamoelectric machines when the currents in thedifferent branches of the system become unequal.

32. Ina multiple voltage system or distribution, four or more feederconductors, three or more compound-wound dynamoelectric machinesconnected to said conductors and adapted to act as motors or gener atorsto supply current to the branch or branches of the system which carrythe heaviest currents in order to maintain the voltages at the propervalues, and means for automatically short-circuiting the series fieldwinding of any machine which acts as a motor to drive another machine asa generator when the currents are unequal.

33. In a multiple voltage system or" distribution, more than threeteederconductors, a balancer consisting of three or more compound wounddynamo-electric machines mechanically connected together andelectrically connected to the conductors of the system. and automaticmeans for rendering inoperative the series field of any machine whichdrives another as a generator when the currents become unequal.

3t. In a multiple voltage system of distribution. a source of current,two main conductors, two or more neutral conductors, a balancer setincluding three or more dynamo-electric machines connected to said mainand neutral conductors, series and shunt field windings for saidmachines, and means whereby the series field winding of each saidmachines may be cut out of service when that machine is acting as motor.

35. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, more than threeconductors, a halancer consisting of three or more compound wound dynamoelectric machines connected to the conductors of the system, andautomatic means for effectively transforming any of said dynamo-electricmachines trom a compound to a shunt wound machine when it is acting as amotor.

36. In a multiple voltage system of dis tribution, two main conductors,two or more compensating conductors, a balancer set including three ormore dynamo-electric machines adapted to act as motors or gener ators,and means for cutting out of or into service the series field winding ofeach machine according as that machine is acting as motor or asgenerator. 7

37. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, two main conductors,two or more compensating conductors, a balancer set including one morecompound-wound dynamoelectric machine than there are compensatingconductors, and means for cutting out of or into service the seriesfield winding of each machine according as the current in that branch ofthe system to which that machine is connected is less than or greaterthan the average current in the several. branches.

38. In a multiple Voltage system of dis- Copies of this patent may beobtained for tribution, two main conductors, a neutral or compensatingconductor, a balancer comprising two compound-wound dynamo-electricmachines each connected across one branch of the system, and independentmeans associated with each of said machines for cutting in or out theseries field winding thereot' according as that machine acts asgenerator or motor.

39. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, two main conductors, aplurality of neutral or compensating conductors, a balancer including aplurality of compoundwound dynamo-electric machines connected to saidconductors, and asymmetric conductors for automatically cutting out ofservice one of the field windings of one of said machines when the ratioof the loads between the dificrent conductors departs from normal.

40. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, two main conductors,a. plurality of neutral conductors, a balancer set including more thantwo dynamo-electric machines connected to said main and neutralconductors, series and shunt field windings for said machines, andasymmetric conductors arranged to cutout the various series field windirsave when the respective machines with which they are connected areacting as generators.

il. In a multiple voltage system of distribution, a plurality of feederconductors including two main conductors and a plurality of compensatingor neutral conductors, a balancer including more than twodynamo-electric machines connected to said conductors for supplying thebalancing current, shunt and series field windings for each of saidmachines, the field windings of each machine being arranged to assistwhen such machine is acting as generator, and asymmetric conductors forpreventing reversal 01 current in any of said series field windings.

42. In a multiple voltage system of dis trihution, two main conductors,a plurality of neutral or compensating conductors, a balancercinnprising more than two compound wound dynamo electric machines eachconnected across one branch of the system. and independent meansassociated with each of said machines for cuttin in or out the seriesfield winding thereof according as that machine acts as generator ormotor.

In testimony whereof I atliX my signature, in the presence of twowitnesses.

GEORGE B. SCHLEY.

Vitnesses FLORENCE E. MAoCAnY, FRED J. :KIXSEY.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

